Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, the opening between the vagina and the womb (uterus), often referred to as the neck of the womb.
While it is most common in women and people with a cervix aged 30 to 35, it can occur at any age, and anyone with a cervix is at risk. Nearly all cases are caused by infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
The disease usually develops slowly, and its seriousness depends on factors such as its size, whether it has spread, and your overall health.
You can help reduce your risk by attending regular cervical screening, which is designed to detect and treat cell changes before they develop into cancer.
Cervical screening is offered to women and people with a cervix between 25-64 every 5 years.
During the screening appointment, a small sample of cells will be taken from your cervix. The sample is checked for certain types of HPV that can cause changes to the cells of your cervix. These are called “high risk” types of HPV.
If these types of HPV are not found, you do not need any further tests. If these types of HPV are found, the sample is checked for any changes in the cells of your cervix. These can be treated before they get a chance to turn into cervical cancer.
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Symptoms of cervical cancer
The earlier cervical cancer is detected, the more treatable it is. Regular cervical screening can find changes to cells before they turn into cancer, helping to prevent the disease altogether. This is why attending your screening when invited is so important—it could save your life.
Possible symptoms of cervical cancer include:
Unusual vaginal bleeding (such as after sex, between periods, or after the menopause)
Changes to vaginal discharge
Pain during sex
Pain in the lower back, pelvis, or lower tummy
Most people with these symptoms will not have cervical cancer, as they can be caused by other conditions. However, if you notice anything unusual for you—or if something just doesn’t feel right—contact your GP.
Cervical screening for people with a learning disability
If you have a physical disability and you would like to discuss the options for you to receive screening, please contact your GP practice. You can do this by sending a message to your practice via the NHS App, completing a request via your practice’s online consultation system or by telephoning the practice. If you do need to telephone, please try to do this from mid-morning onwards.
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